Reindeer
Reindeer
Reindeer (/ˈreɪndɪər/), also known as the caribou in North America, is a species of deer with circumpolar distribution, native to Arctic, sub-Arctic, tundra, boreal, and mountainous regions of northern Europe, Siberia, and North America.
Etymology
The word reindeer has its origins in the Old Norse word hreinn for deer. The word caribou comes from the Mi'kmaq word qalipu, meaning "snow shoveler".
Anatomy
Reindeer have several adaptations to survive in cold environments. They have large noses that warm incoming cold air before it reaches their lungs, and a specialized circulatory system that helps manage body temperature. Their fur is dense and traps air which not only insulates, but also helps them to float in water.
Diet
Reindeer are ruminants, having a four-chambered stomach. They mainly eat lichens in winter, especially reindeer moss. However, they also eat the leaves of willows and birches, as well as sedges and grasses.
Behavior
Reindeer travel in large herds and are fairly sedentary, with a typical home range of only 5–50 km. They are also known for their long-distance migrations, with some herds traveling up to 5,000 km a year.
Relationship with humans
Reindeer have been herded for centuries by several Arctic and Subarctic peoples, including the Sami and the Nenets. They are used for transportation and their meat, hides, and antlers are used for food, clothing, and tools.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Reindeer
- Wikipedia's article - Reindeer
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