Proxemics
Proxemics (pronounced: prok-SEE-miks) is the study of human use of space and the effects that population density has on behaviour, communication, and social interaction. The term was coined by anthropologist Edward T. Hall in 1963. The concept of Proxemics is part of several disciplines including anthropology, psychology, and sociology.
Etymology
The term Proxemics originates from the Latin word 'proximus' which means 'nearest' or 'next', and the Greek word 'nomos' meaning 'law'. It was first used by Edward T. Hall in 1963 to describe the measurable distances between people as they interact with each other.
Types of Proxemic Distances
Proxemics is divided into four categories of spatial zones which people often use to interact with others. These are:
- Intimate distance: This is the closest zone which ranges from touch to about 18 inches away. It is usually reserved for close relationships such as those with loved ones and family members.
- Personal distance: This zone ranges from about 18 inches to 4 feet away. It is typically used for interactions with friends and acquaintances.
- Social distance: This zone ranges from 4 to 12 feet away. It is used for interactions among strangers or in a more formal setting.
- Public distance: This zone ranges from 12 feet away to infinity. It is used for public speaking or large gatherings.
Cultural Differences in Proxemics
Proxemics can vary greatly depending on cultural norms and personal preferences. For example, people from different cultures may have different interpretations of personal space and may feel uncomfortable when their personal space is invaded.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Proxemics
- Wikipedia's article - Proxemics
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