Proprioceptors
Proprioceptors
Proprioceptors (/prəʊpriːəˈsɛptəz/), derived from the Latin words 'proprius' meaning 'one's own' and 'receptor', are specialized sensory receptors on nerve endings found in muscles, tendons, joints, and the inner ear. These receptors relay information about motion or position and help to maintain balance and coordination.
Etymology
The term 'proprioceptor' was coined in the early 20th century from the Latin 'proprius', meaning 'one's own', and 'receptor', which refers to a structure in the nervous system that receives specific physiological signals.
Function
Proprioceptors are integral to the body's proprioceptive system, which is responsible for sensing the relative position of neighboring parts of the body. They detect subtle changes in physical position, tension, and movement, allowing the body to adjust and respond accordingly. This is crucial for maintaining balance, coordinating movement, and enabling the body to interact effectively with its environment.
Types of Proprioceptors
There are several types of proprioceptors, including:
- Muscle spindles: These are sensory receptors within the belly of a muscle, which primarily detect changes in the length of this muscle.
- Golgi tendon organs: These proprioceptors are located in the tendons and are sensitive to changes in muscle tension.
- Joint capsule receptors: These are found in the joint capsules and they respond to the mechanical deformation of the joint.
Related Terms
- Kinesthesia: This is the sense that detects bodily position, weight, or movement of the muscles, tendons, and joints.
- Vestibular system: This is the sensory system that contributes to balance and spatial orientation.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Proprioceptors
- Wikipedia's article - Proprioceptors
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