Phosphate group
Phosphate Group
A Phosphate Group (pronounced: /ˈfɒsfeɪt ɡruːp/) is a functional group or radical comprised of phosphorus attached to four oxygen atoms, symbolized as PO4. It is a key component in many biological molecules, such as DNA and RNA, and plays a crucial role in cellular respiration and photosynthesis.
Etymology
The term "Phosphate" originates from the Greek words 'phos' meaning 'light' and 'ate' meaning 'state of'. The term "Group" is derived from the Italian word 'gruppo', which means 'cluster' or 'bunch'.
Chemical Structure
In a phosphate group, the phosphorus atom is at the center, bonded to four oxygen atoms. One of the oxygen atoms is bonded to the carbon skeleton of the organic molecule. The other three oxygen atoms carry negative charges, making the phosphate group an anion with a -3 charge.
Biological Importance
Phosphate groups are vital in biology. They are a critical component of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of DNA and RNA. Phosphate groups also play a key role in the storage and release of energy in cells through the formation and hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
In addition, phosphate groups are involved in cell signaling through a process known as phosphorylation, where a phosphate group is added to a protein, changing its function.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Phosphate group
- Wikipedia's article - Phosphate group
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