Keratins
Keratins
Keratins (pronounced: /ˈkɛrətɪn/) are a group of fibrous structural proteins that are key components in the makeup of the epidermis, hair, nails, and enamel of the teeth. They are also found in the internal organs and glands of the body.
Etymology
The term "keratin" comes from the Greek word "κέρας" (keras), meaning "horn". This is a reference to the hard, horn-like material that keratins help to form.
Function
Keratins are essential for the structural integrity of epithelial cells, which are cells that line the surfaces of the body. They provide strength and resilience to these cells, helping to protect them from damage and stress. Keratins also play a role in cell growth and differentiation, and are involved in the process of wound healing.
Types of Keratins
There are two main types of keratins: alpha-keratins and beta-keratins.
- Alpha-keratins are found in mammals and are the main component of hair, skin, and nails. They form a helical shape, which gives them their strength and elasticity.
- Beta-keratins are found in birds and reptiles, and are the main component of feathers, scales, and claws. They form a pleated sheet structure, which gives them their rigidity.
Related Terms
- Epidermis - The outermost layer of the skin, which is largely composed of keratinocytes, cells that produce keratin.
- Keratinocytes - The cells that produce keratin. They are the most abundant cells in the epidermis.
- Keratinization - The process by which keratinocytes produce keratin and become part of the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the skin.
- Keratosis - A condition characterized by an overgrowth of keratin on the skin.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Keratins
- Wikipedia's article - Keratins
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