Complex trait
Complex trait
A Complex trait (pronunciation: /kəmˈpleks treɪt/) is a type of genetic trait where the phenotype (the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, as determined by both genetic makeup and environmental influences) is influenced by more than one gene. These traits can also be influenced by environmental factors.
Etymology
The term "complex trait" is derived from the English words "complex", meaning composed of many interconnected parts, and "trait", meaning a distinguishing characteristic or quality.
Definition
A complex trait is a trait that is influenced by multiple genetic factors, as well as environmental factors. This is in contrast to Mendelian traits, which are influenced by a single gene. Examples of complex traits include height, weight, and susceptibility to many common diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer.
Genetic Factors
The genetic factors that influence complex traits are often referred to as quantitative trait loci (QTLs). These are regions of the genome that are associated with a particular phenotypic trait. QTLs can be identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS), which search for statistical associations between genetic variants and a trait of interest.
Environmental Factors
Environmental factors can also play a significant role in the expression of complex traits. These can include lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise, as well as exposure to environmental toxins or stressors.
Related Terms
- Genotype: The genetic makeup of an organism.
- Phenotype: The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism.
- Mendelian traits: Traits that are influenced by a single gene.
- Quantitative trait loci (QTLs): Regions of the genome that are associated with a particular phenotypic trait.
- Genome-wide association studies (GWAS): Studies that search for statistical associations between genetic variants and a trait of interest.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Complex trait
- Wikipedia's article - Complex trait
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