Bolivian
Bolivian Hemorrhagic Fever
Bolivian Hemorrhagic Fever (pronounced: boh-li-vee-an hem-uh-raj-ik fee-ver), also known as Black Typhus or Ordog Fever, is a viral hemorrhagic fever caused by the Machupo virus. The disease was first identified in 1959 in Bolivia.
Etymology
The term "Bolivian Hemorrhagic Fever" is derived from the country of Bolivia, where the disease was first identified, and the term "hemorrhagic fever", which refers to a group of illnesses that are caused by several distinct families of viruses. In these illnesses, the capillaries are damaged, causing blood to seep into the surrounding tissue.
Symptoms
The symptoms of Bolivian Hemorrhagic Fever include fever, malaise, muscle pain, headache, and the appearance of a rash. As the disease progresses, patients may develop severe bleeding (hemorrhage), neurological problems, and shock.
Transmission
Bolivian Hemorrhagic Fever is transmitted through contact with the excreta of infected vesper mice (Calomys callosus), which are the reservoir hosts of the Machupo virus. Human-to-human transmission can also occur through direct contact with blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected persons.
Treatment
There is no specific treatment for Bolivian Hemorrhagic Fever. Supportive care with rehydration, symptomatic treatment, and intensive care is important. Ribavirin, an antiviral drug, has been used with success in some cases.
Prevention
Prevention of Bolivian Hemorrhagic Fever involves controlling the population of the vesper mouse in human dwellings and avoiding contact with the mouse. There is currently no vaccine available for the disease.
See also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Bolivian
- Wikipedia's article - Bolivian
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