Genetic diseases
Genetic diseases
Genetic diseases or genetic disorders are conditions that are caused by abnormalities in an individual's genome. These abnormalities can range from a small mutation in a single gene to the addition or subtraction of an entire chromosome or set of chromosomes.
Pronunciation
Genetic: /dʒɪˈnɛtɪk/ Diseases: /dɪˈziːzɪz/
Etymology
The term "genetic" comes from the Greek word "genetikos" which means "genitive" and "genes" meaning "born". The term "disease" comes from the Old French "desaise" meaning "lack, want; discomfort, distress; trouble, misfortune; disease, sickness".
Types of Genetic Diseases
There are several types of genetic diseases, including:
- Monogenic diseases: These are caused by a mutation in a single gene. Examples include Cystic fibrosis, Sickle cell anemia, and Huntington's disease.
- Multifactorial inheritance diseases: These involve mutations in multiple genes. Examples include Heart disease, High blood pressure, Alzheimer's disease, Arthritis, Diabetes, Cancer, and Obesity.
- Chromosomal diseases: These are caused by abnormalities in chromosomes. Examples include Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, and Klinefelter syndrome.
- Mitochondrial diseases: These are caused by mutations in the non-chromosomal DNA of mitochondria. Examples include Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy and Mitochondrial myopathy.
Related Terms
- Genome
- Gene
- Mutation
- Chromosome
- Monogenic diseases
- Multifactorial inheritance diseases
- Chromosomal diseases
- Mitochondrial diseases
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Genetic diseases
- Wikipedia's article - Genetic diseases
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